Add web animation skills (iart-ai/web-animation-skills)
Co-Authored-By: Claude Sonnet 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com> Claude-Session: https://claude.ai/code/session_01GYeokZtSmqg42ZGWsLXX2C
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# CSS Micro-interaction Recipes
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Modern CSS handles most UI motion with zero JavaScript, including enter/exit and `display` toggles. Baseline-available in current Chrome/Edge/Safari/Firefox (verify `@starting-style` and `allow-discrete` for your support floor; degrade to instant show/hide otherwise).
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## Enter animation on first render: @starting-style
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`@starting-style` supplies the values an element transitions FROM the first time it renders (or becomes shown). Without it, there is no "previous" state to transition from, so newly-inserted elements snap in.
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```css
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.menu {
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opacity: 1;
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transform: translateY(0);
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transition: opacity 0.2s ease, transform 0.2s ease;
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}
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@starting-style {
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.menu { opacity: 0; transform: translateY(-8px); }
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}
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```
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## Animating to/from display:none: transition-behavior: allow-discrete
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`display` and `content-visibility` are discrete properties — normally they flip instantly, killing exit animations. `allow-discrete` lets them flip at the correct moment (kept visible during exit, swapped at the end).
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```css
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.drawer {
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transition:
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transform 0.25s ease,
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opacity 0.25s ease,
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display 0.25s allow-discrete; /* keep displayed through the exit */
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}
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.drawer[hidden] { /* closed state */
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opacity: 0;
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transform: translateX(100%);
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display: none;
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}
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@starting-style {
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.drawer:not([hidden]) { opacity: 0; transform: translateX(100%); }
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}
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```
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Shorthand alternative: `transition-behavior: allow-discrete;` applies to all discrete properties in the `transition` list.
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## Popover / dialog exit animation (top-layer)
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Native `popover` and `<dialog>` live in the top layer via the `overlay` property, which is also discrete — animate it too:
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```css
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[popover] {
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opacity: 0;
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transform: scale(0.95);
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transition: opacity 0.2s, transform 0.2s, overlay 0.2s allow-discrete, display 0.2s allow-discrete;
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}
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[popover]:popover-open { opacity: 1; transform: scale(1); }
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@starting-style {
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[popover]:popover-open { opacity: 0; transform: scale(0.95); }
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}
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```
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This gives a fully CSS-driven open AND close animation for `<button popovertarget>` popovers with no JS.
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## Press / hover / focus feedback
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```css
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.btn {
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transition: transform 0.12s cubic-bezier(0.34, 1.56, 0.64, 1), box-shadow 0.2s ease;
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}
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.btn:hover { transform: translateY(-1px); box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(0,0,0,.15); }
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.btn:active { transform: translateY(0) scale(0.97); transition-duration: 0.06s; } /* snappy press */
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.btn:focus-visible { outline: 2px solid #3b82f6; outline-offset: 2px; }
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```
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Use `:focus-visible` (not `:focus`) so keyboard users get a ring but mouse clicks don't.
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## Animated toggle / switch
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```css
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.switch { width: 44px; height: 24px; border-radius: 999px; background: #cbd5e1;
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transition: background 0.2s ease; }
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.switch[aria-checked="true"] { background: #22c55e; }
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.switch::after {
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content: ""; width: 20px; height: 20px; border-radius: 50%; background: #fff;
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transform: translateX(2px);
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transition: transform 0.22s cubic-bezier(0.34, 1.56, 0.64, 1);
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}
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.switch[aria-checked="true"]::after { transform: translateX(22px); }
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```
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The `cubic-bezier(0.34, 1.56, 0.64, 1)` overshoot gives the knob a satisfying snap.
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## Loading spinner and pulse
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```css
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@keyframes spin { to { transform: rotate(360deg); } }
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.spinner { animation: spin 0.8s linear infinite; }
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@keyframes pulse { 0%,100% { opacity: 1; } 50% { opacity: 0.5; } }
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.skeleton { animation: pulse 1.5s ease-in-out infinite; }
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```
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## Animatable custom properties with @property
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Plain CSS variables animate discretely. Register them with `@property` to give them a type so they interpolate smoothly — enables gradient angle, number counters, and themed motion.
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```css
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@property --angle { syntax: "<angle>"; inherits: false; initial-value: 0deg; }
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.gradient-border {
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background: conic-gradient(from var(--angle), #6366f1, #ec4899, #6366f1);
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transition: --angle 0.4s ease;
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}
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.gradient-border:hover { --angle: 360deg; }
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```
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## Accordion height (modern: interpolate-size)
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Animating `height: auto` historically required JS measurement. With `interpolate-size: allow-keywords`, transitions to/from intrinsic sizes work:
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```css
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:root { interpolate-size: allow-keywords; }
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.accordion__panel {
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height: 0; overflow: hidden;
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transition: height 0.3s ease;
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}
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.accordion__panel[data-open] { height: auto; }
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```
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Fallback for unsupported browsers: animate `grid-template-rows: 0fr -> 1fr` on a wrapper.
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## Reduced motion (always include)
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```css
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@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
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*, *::before, *::after {
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animation-duration: 0.01ms !important;
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animation-iteration-count: 1 !important;
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transition-duration: 0.01ms !important;
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scroll-behavior: auto !important;
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}
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}
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```
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Then selectively re-enable essential, low-motion feedback (e.g. opacity-only fades) inside the same query if needed. The principle: never remove feedback entirely, just remove large/spatial motion.
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# Framer Motion Recipes
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Import from `motion/react` (v11+). All examples are React + Framer Motion.
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```jsx
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import { motion, AnimatePresence, Reorder, useReducedMotion, useDragControls } from "motion/react";
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```
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## Variants and staggered children
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Variants are named animation states a parent can propagate to children, enabling orchestration like staggering without per-child timing math.
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```jsx
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const list = {
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hidden: { opacity: 0 },
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show: {
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opacity: 1,
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transition: { staggerChildren: 0.06, delayChildren: 0.1 },
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},
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};
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const item = {
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hidden: { opacity: 0, y: 12 },
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show: { opacity: 1, y: 0, transition: { type: "spring", stiffness: 500, damping: 30 } },
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};
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<motion.ul variants={list} initial="hidden" animate="show">
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{items.map((t) => (
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<motion.li key={t.id} variants={item}>{t.label}</motion.li>
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))}
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</motion.ul>
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```
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`staggerDirection: -1` staggers from last to first. `when: "beforeChildren"` / `"afterChildren"` sequences parent vs children.
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## AnimatePresence modes
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```jsx
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<AnimatePresence mode="wait"> {/* outgoing finishes before incoming starts (route/tab switches) */}
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<motion.div key={tab} initial={{opacity:0}} animate={{opacity:1}} exit={{opacity:0}} />
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</AnimatePresence>
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```
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Modes:
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- default (`"sync"`) — incoming and outgoing animate simultaneously.
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- `"wait"` — finish exit before enter (single-element swaps like tabs/pages).
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- `"popLayout"` — exiting items are popped from layout flow so siblings re-flow immediately (toast stacks, removing list items). Children must be capable of `layout`.
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Require a unique, stable `key` on each child. To run exit on initial mount too, that is not needed; to suppress enter animation on first render set `<AnimatePresence initial={false}>`.
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## Toast stack (popLayout + layout)
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```jsx
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function Toasts({ toasts }) {
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return (
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<div className="toast-region">
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<AnimatePresence mode="popLayout">
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{toasts.map((t) => (
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<motion.div
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key={t.id}
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layout
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initial={{ opacity: 0, y: 24, scale: 0.9 }}
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animate={{ opacity: 1, y: 0, scale: 1 }}
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exit={{ opacity: 0, scale: 0.9, transition: { duration: 0.15 } }}
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transition={{ type: "spring", stiffness: 500, damping: 40 }}
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>
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{t.message}
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</motion.div>
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))}
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</AnimatePresence>
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</div>
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);
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}
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```
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`layout` makes remaining toasts slide up smoothly when one is dismissed.
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## Magic-move / shared-element layout
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```jsx
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function Gallery() {
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const [active, setActive] = useState(null);
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return (
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<>
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<div className="grid">
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{photos.map((p) => (
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<motion.img key={p.id} layoutId={`photo-${p.id}`} src={p.thumb}
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onClick={() => setActive(p)} />
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))}
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</div>
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<AnimatePresence>
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{active && (
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<motion.div className="backdrop" onClick={() => setActive(null)}
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initial={{ opacity: 0 }} animate={{ opacity: 1 }} exit={{ opacity: 0 }}>
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<motion.img layoutId={`photo-${active.id}`} src={active.full} />
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</motion.div>
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)}
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</AnimatePresence>
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</>
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);
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}
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```
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Matching `layoutId` makes the thumbnail visually fly to the lightbox and back.
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## Drag-to-reorder list
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`Reorder` handles pointer drag, axis locking, and live reordering with layout animation built in.
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```jsx
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function SortableList({ items, setItems }) {
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return (
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<Reorder.Group axis="y" values={items} onReorder={setItems}>
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{items.map((item) => (
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<Reorder.Item key={item} value={item}
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whileDrag={{ scale: 1.03, boxShadow: "0 8px 24px rgba(0,0,0,.18)" }}>
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{item}
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</Reorder.Item>
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))}
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</Reorder.Group>
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);
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}
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```
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For a dedicated drag handle, use `useDragControls`:
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```jsx
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const controls = useDragControls();
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<Reorder.Item value={item} dragListener={false} dragControls={controls}>
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<span className="handle" onPointerDown={(e) => controls.start(e)}>⠿</span>
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{item.label}
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</Reorder.Item>
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```
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## Drag with constraints and elastic
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```jsx
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const ref = useRef(null);
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<div ref={ref} className="bounds">
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<motion.div drag dragConstraints={ref} dragElastic={0.2}
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dragTransition={{ bounceStiffness: 600, bounceDamping: 20 }} />
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</div>
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```
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`dragElastic` (0–1) controls how far past constraints it can be pulled; `dragSnapToOrigin` returns it on release.
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## Gesture composition (like button)
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```jsx
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function Like() {
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const [liked, setLiked] = useState(false);
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return (
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<motion.button onClick={() => setLiked((v) => !v)} whileTap={{ scale: 0.85 }}>
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<motion.span
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animate={liked ? { scale: [1, 1.4, 1], color: "#ef4444" } : { scale: 1, color: "#9ca3af" }}
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transition={{ duration: 0.35, ease: "easeOut" }}
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>♥</motion.span>
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</motion.button>
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);
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}
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```
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Arrays of values (`scale: [1, 1.4, 1]`) are keyframes; control their spacing with `times: [0, 0.6, 1]`.
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## Respecting reduced motion
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```jsx
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function Panel() {
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const reduce = useReducedMotion();
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return (
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<motion.div
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initial={reduce ? false : { opacity: 0, y: 12 }}
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animate={{ opacity: 1, y: 0 }}
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/>
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);
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}
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```
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Wrap an app in `<MotionConfig reducedMotion="user">` to globally strip transform/layout animations for users who prefer reduced motion while keeping opacity.
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## Performance notes
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- Prefer `transform`/`opacity`; Framer Motion already uses transforms for `x/y/scale/rotate`.
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- For frequently-updated values (cursor follow, scroll), use `useMotionValue` + `useSpring` instead of React state to avoid re-renders.
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- `layout` is powerful but measure-heavy; avoid putting it on hundreds of simultaneously-animating nodes.
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---
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Tune the timing and easing and a micro-interaction feels effortless. Built by **[iart.ai](https://iart.ai/?utm_source=github&utm_medium=readme&utm_campaign=web-animation-skills&utm_content=skill_footer&utm_term=micro-interaction)** — the AI motion agent for editable, on-brand motion graphics.
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